Social Work Theories

Key concepts: (This is not an exhaustive list. These terms may be used in searching for articles with other terms)

 Power (Social Sciences); Social Capital; Wealth distribution; Social Status; Social Stratification; Income inequality; Socio-economic; Poverty; Social justice; Education and economics; Education Gap; Educational  Attainment; Social policy; Race; Discrimination; Prejudice; Social Class;  Marx, Weber

Conflict Theory

Conflict theory is especially useful in understanding: war, wealth and poverty, the haves and the have nots, revolutions, political strife, exploitation, divorce, ghettos, discrimination and prejudice, domestic violence, rape, child abuse, slavery, and more conflict-related social phenomena. Conflict Theory claims that society is in a state of perpetual conflict and competition for limited resources. Marx and Weber, were they alive today, would likely use Conflict Theory to study the unprecedented bail outs by the US government which have proven to be a rich-to-rich wealth transfer.

Conflict Theory assumes that those who have perpetually try to increase their wealth at the expense and suffering of those who have not. It is a power struggle which is most often won by wealthy elite and lost by the common person of common means. Power is the ability to get what one wants even in the presence of opposition. Authority is the institutionalized legitimate power. By far the Bourgeoisie, or wealthy elite (royalty, political, and corporate leaders), have the most power. Bourgeoisie are the "Goliaths" in society who often bully their wishes into outcomes. The Proletariat are the common working class, lower class, and poor members of society. According to Marx (see diagram below) the Bourgeoisie and Proletariat cannot both have it their way and in order to offset the wealth and power of the Bourgeoisie the proletariat often rise up and revolt against their oppressors (The French, Bolshevik, United States, Mexican, and other revolutions are examples).

From Introduction to Sociology (http://freesociologybooks.com/Introduction_To_Sociology/03_Social_Theories.php)

Additional information about Conflict Theory can be located at https://www.socialworkdegreecenter.com/study/conflict-theory-introduction/

Conflict Theory References

Key concepts: (This is not an exhaustive list. These terms may be used in searching for articles with other terms)

 Power (Social Sciences); Social Capital; Wealth distribution; Social Status; Social Stratification; Income inequality; Socio-economic; Poverty; Social justice; Education and economics; Education Gap; Educational  Attainment; Social policy; Race; Discrimination; Prejudice; Social Class;  Marx, Weber

Ahn, H., Roll, S., Zeng, W., Frey, J., Reiman, S., & Ko, J. (2016). Impact of income inequality on workers' life satisfaction in the U.S.: A multilevel analysis. Social Indicators Research, 128(3), 1347-1363. https://10.1007/s11205-015-1082-7

Alameda-Lawson, T., & Lawson, M. A. (2018). A latent class analysis of parent involvement subpopulations. Social Work Research, 42(2), 118-130. https://10.1093/swr/svy008

An, S., & Jang, Y. (2018). The role of social capital in the relationship between physical constraint and mental distress in older adults: A latent interaction model. Aging & Mental Health, 22(2), 245-249. https://10.1080/13607863.2016.1247431

Armstrong, A., & Stedman, R. C. (2013). Culture clash and second home ownership in the U. S. northern forest. Wiley-Blackwell. https://10.1111/ruso.12010

Atteberry-Ash, B., Nicotera, N., & Gonzales, B. (2021). Walk the talk of power, privilege, and oppression: A template analysis. Journal of Social Work Education, 57(1), 7-15. https://10.1080/10437797.2019.1661917

Bainbridge, L., & Lunt, N. (2021). Place, strengths and assets: A case study of how local area coordination is supporting individuals and families under conditions of austerity. British Journal of Social Work, 51(4), 1354-1373. https://10.1093/bjsw/bcab041

Ball, A., & Skrzypek, C. (2020). School social work and the educational justice movement: A snapshot of practice. Children & Schools, 42(3), 179-186. https://10.1093/cs/cdaa014

Bloomquist, K. R., Wood, L., Sullenberger, S., & Hostetter, C. (2017). Doin’ meth or doin’ math: What client constructions of social class mean for social work practice. Journal of Community Practice, 25(2), 190-212. https://10.1080/10705422.2017.1308452

Boone, K., Roets, G., & Roose, R. (2019a). Learning to play chess: How to make sense of a politics of representation with people in poverty. Social Policy & Administration, 53(7), 1030-1044. https://10.1111/spol.12477

Boone, K., Roets, G., & Roose, R. (2019b). Social work, participation, and poverty. Journal of Social Work, 19(3), 309-326. https://10.1177/1468017318760789

Branham, L. S. (2020). "Stealing conflicts" no more?: The gaps and antirestorative elements in states' restorative-justice laws. St.Louis University Law Journal, 64(2), 145-180. https://login.proxy181.nclive.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=145450316&site=ehost-live

Briscoe, M. D., Givens, J. E., & Alder, M. (2021). Intersectional indicators: A race and sex-specific analysis of the carbon intensity of well-being in the United States, 1998–2009. Social Indicators Research, 155(1), 97-116. https://10.1007/s11205-021-02613-x

Burgard, S. A., & Hawkins, J. M. (2014). Race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and foregone health care in the United States in the 2007-2009 recession. American Journal of Public Health, 104(2), e134-e140. https://10.2105/AJPH.2013.301512

Campbell, J., Ioakimidis, V., & Maglajlic, R. A. (2019). Social work for critical peace: A comparative approach to understanding social work and political conflict. European Journal of Social Work, 22(6), 1073-1084. https://10.1080/13691457.2018.1462149

Carlson, J., Nguyen, H., & Reinardy, J. (2016). Social justice and the capabilities approach: Seeking a global blueprint for the EPAS. Journal of Social Work Education, 52(3), 269-282. https://10.1080/10437797.2016.1174635

Choi, N. G., & Rita Jing-Ann, C. (2010). Time and money volunteering among older adults: The relationship between past and current volunteering and correlates of change and stability. Ageing & Society, 30(4), 559-581. https://10.1017/S0144686X0999064X

Christensen, M. C. (2013). Using feminist leadership to build a performance-based, peer education program. Qualitative Social Work, 12(3), 254-269. https://10.1177/1473325011429022

Condron, D. (2013). Affluence, inequality, and educational achievement: A structural analysis of 97 jurisdictions across the globe. Sociological Spectrum, 33(1), 73-97. https://10.1080/02732173.2013.732866

Conley, A. (2010). Childcare: Welfare or investment? International Journal of Social Welfare, 19(2), 173-181. https://10.1111/j.1468-2397.2009.00665.x

Conrad, A., Gamboni, C., Johnson, V., Wojciak, A. S., & Ronnenberg, M. (2020). Has the US child welfare system become an informal income maintenance programme? A literature review. Child Abuse Review, 29(6), 529-543. https://10.1002/car.2607

Copeland, V. (2006). Disparities in mental health service utilization among low-income African American adolescents: Closing the gap by enhancing practitioner’s competence. Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal, 23(4), 407-431. https://10.1007/s10560-006-0061-x

Delehanty, J. (2020). Becoming "people of faith:" Personal moral authenticity in the cultural practices of a Faith‐Based social justice movement. Sociological Forum, 35(4), 1228-1249. https://10.1111/socf.12645

Dempsey, D. (2008). The path to social justice goes through politics and economics. Journal of Policy Practice, 7(2), 94-105. https://10.1080/15588740801937888

Dinerman, M. (2004). The hidden war on the poor. Affilia: Journal of Women & Social Work, 19(3), 233-237. https://10.1177/0886109904265787

Drake, B., & Jonson-Reid, M. (2011). NIS interpretations: Race and the national incidence studies of child abuse and neglect. Children & Youth Services Review, 33(1), 16-20. https://10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.006

Draper, C., & Freedman, D. (2010). Review and analysis of the benefits, purposes, and motivations associated with community gardening in the United States. Journal of Community Practice, 18(4), 458-492. https://10.1080/10705422.2010.519682

Eiler, E. C., & D'Angelo, K. (2020). Tensions and connections between social work and anti-capitalist disability activism: Disability rights, disability justice, and implications for practice. Journal of Community Practice, 28(4), 356-372. https://10.1080/10705422.2020.1842278

Elias Sarabia, S., & McTighe, J. P. (2021a). Narrative perspectives on substance use, power, and injustice: Policy and practice implications. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 21(1), 3-17. https://10.1080/1533256X.2020.1870292

Elias Sarabia, S., & McTighe, J. P. (2021b). Narrative perspectives on substance use, power, and injustice: Policy and practice implications. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 21(1), 3-17. https://10.1080/1533256X.2020.1870292

Entress, R. M., & Anderson, K. M. (2020). The politics of health care: Health disparities, the affordable care act, and solutions for success. Social Work in Public Health, 35(4), 152-162. https://10.1080/19371918.2020.1767750

Eshak, E. S., Kamal, N. N., & Seedhom, A. E. (2018). Work-family conflict and self-rated health among dwellers in Minia, Egypt: Financial strain vs social support. Public Health (Elsevier), 157, 69-76. https://10.1016/j.puhe.2018.01.016

Fargion, S., Nagy, A., & Berger, E. (2019). Access to social services as a rite of integration: Power, rights, and identity. Social Policy & Administration, 53(5), 627-640. https://10.1111/spol.12447

Foster, K. A., & Maas, C. D. (2016). An exploratory factor analysis of the resource generator-united states: A social capital measure. British Journal of Social Work, 46(1), 8-26. https://10.1093/bjsw/bcu111

Friedman, L., Karim, M., Feiler, K., Padner, S., & Eyrich-Garg, K. (2020). Political social work: An essential component of the profession. Journal of Health & Human Services Administration, 43(4), 359-381. https://10.37808/jhhsa.43.4.3

Fuller-Thomson, E., & Gadalla, T. (2008). Income inequality and limitations in activities of daily living: A multilevel analysis of the 2003 American community survey. Public Health (Elsevier), 122(3), 221-228. https://10.1016/j.puhe.2007.06.008

Füzér, K., Huszár, Á, Bodor, Á, Bálint, L., & Pirmajer, A. (2020). Social capitals, social class, and prosperity in high-trust and low-trust societies. International Journal of Sociology, 50(1), 48-67. https://10.1080/00207659.2019.1684081

Garfinkel, I., Rainwater, L., & Smeeding, T. M.A re-examination of welfare states and inequality in rich nations: How in-kind transfers and indirect taxes change the story. Journal of Policy Analysis & Management, 25(4), 897-919. https://10.1002/pam.20213

Garfinkel, I., & Zilanawala, A. (2015). Fragile families in the American welfare state. Children & Youth Services Review, 55, 210-221. https://10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.05.018

Gitterman, A., & Knight, C. (2016). Empowering clients to have an impact on their environment: Social work practice with groups. Families in Society: Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 97(4), 278-285. https://10.1606/1044-3894.2016.97.34

Gomez, A. M., Downey, M. M., Carpenter, E., Leedham, U., Begun, S., Craddock, J., & Ely, G. (2020). Advancing reproductive justice to close the health gap: A call to action for social work. Social Work, 65(4), 358-367. https://10.1093/sw/swaa034

Gonyea, J. G., Curley, A., Melekis, K., & Lee, Y. (2018). Perceptions of neighborhood safety and depressive symptoms among older minority urban subsidized housing residents: The mediating effect of sense of community belonging. Aging & Mental Health, 22(12), 1564-1569. https://10.1080/13607863.2017.1383970

Gorey, K. M., Luginaah, I. N., Holowaty, E. J., Zou, G., Hamm, C., Bartfay, E., Kanjeekal, S. M., Balagurusamy, M. K., Haji-Jama, S., & Wright, F. C. (2012). Effects of being uninsured or underinsured and living in extremely poor neighborhoods on colon cancer care and survival in California: Historical cohort analysis, 1996-2011. BMC Public Health, 12(1), 897-911. https://10.1186/1471-2458-12-897

Grünberg, L., & Matei, Ș. (2020). Why the paradigm of work–family conflict is no longer sustainable: Towards more empowering social imaginaries to understand women's identities. Gender, Work & Organization, 27(3), 289-309. https://10.1111/gwao.12343

Haghighat, E. (2005). School social capital and pupils' academic performance. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 15(3), 213-235. https://10.1080/09620210500200141

Haj-Yahia, M., & Clark, C. (2013). Intimate partner violence in the occupied Palestinian territory: Prevalence and risk factors. Journal of Family Violence, 28(8), 797-809. https://10.1007/s10896-013-9549-2

Hamilton, L., & Martin-West, S. (2019). Universal basic income, poverty, and social justice: A moral and economic imperative for social workers. Social Work, 64(4), 321-328. https://10.1093/sw/swz028

Harper, A. W. (2020). Strengthening congregational communities: Social justice engagement through deliberative dialogue. Social Work & Christianity, 47(3), 85-99. https://10.34043/swc.v47i3.149

Hoefer, R. (2019). Dangers of social justice advocacy. Social Work, 64(1), 87-90. https://10.1093/sw/swy047

Hoyt Jr., C. (2012). The pedagogy of the meaning of racism: Reconciling a discordant discourse. Social Work, 57(3), 225-234. https://10.1093/sw/sws009

Hunter, D. R., Monroe, P. A., & Garand, J. C. (2014). Understanding correlates of higher educational attainment among foster care youths. Child Welfare, 93(5), 9-26. https://login.proxy181.nclive.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=122411384&site=ehost-live

Igras, S., Kohli, A., Bukuluki, P., Cislaghi, B., Khan, S., & Tier, C. (2021). Bringing ethical thinking to social change initiatives: Why it matters. Global Public Health, 16(6), 882-894. https://10.1080/17441692.2020.1820550

Ivković, M. (2015). The concept of social domination in Axel Honneth's critical theory. Sociologija/Sociology: Journal of Sociology, Social Psychology & Social Anthropology, 57(1), 7-24. https://10.2298/SOC1501005I

Jacob, A., & Boyd, R. (2020). Addressing economic vulnerability among low-income families in America: Is the basic income approach a viable policy option? Journal of Children & Poverty, 26(1), 85-99. https://10.1080/10796126.2019.1702757

Jensen, C. (2019). The perfect pair or strange bedfellows? neoliberal social change and social justice philanthropy. Administrative Theory & Praxis (Taylor & Francis Ltd), 41(4), 368-387. https://10.1080/10841806.2019.1643619

Jewell, J. R., & Owens, A. P. (2017). Confronting carceral power through experiential learning in macro social work practice. Social Work Education, 36(4), 403-413. https://10.1080/02615479.2017.1297785

Kadan, S., Roer-Strier, D., & Bekerman, Z. (2017). Social workers from oppressed minority group treating majority group's clients: A case study of Palestinian social workers. Social Work, 62(2), 156-164. https://10.1093/sw/swx008

Käkelä, E. (2020a). Narratives of power and powerlessness: Cultural competence in social work with asylum seekers and refugees. European Journal of Social Work, 23(3), 425-436. https://10.1080/13691457.2019.1693337

Käkelä, E. (2020b). Narratives of power and powerlessness: Cultural competence in social work with asylum seekers and refugees. European Journal of Social Work, 23(3), 425-436. https://10.1080/13691457.2019.1693337

Keenan, E. K., & Miehls, D. (2008). Third space activities and change processes: An exploration of ideas from social and psychodynamic theories. Clinical Social Work Journal, 36(2), 165-175. https://10.1007/s10615-007-0117-1

Kim, E., Bae, J., & Han, J. (2021). The perception of leaders regarding networking among nonprofit social service agencies: Focusing on competitive environments in South Korea. Journal of Social Service Research, 47(3), 426-441. https://10.1080/01488376.2020.1822982

Kim, S. M. (2012). Evaluations of women-centered U.S. microenterprise development programs. Affilia: Journal of Women & Social Work, 27(1), 71-83. https://10.1177/0886109912437491

Kim, S. M. (2014). The impacts of gender differences in social capital on microenterprise business start-up. Affilia: Journal of Women & Social Work, 29(4), 404-417. https://10.1177/0886109913519789

Kotch, J. B., Smith, J., Margolis, B., Black, M. M., English, D., Thompson, R., Lee, L., Taneja, G., & Bangdiwala, S. I. (2014). Does social capital protect against the adverse behavioural outcomes of child neglect? Child Abuse Review, 23(4), 246-261. https://10.1002/car.2345

Krings, A., Fusaro, V., Nicoll, K. L., & Lee, N. Y. (2019). Social work, politics, and social policy education: Applying a multidimensional framework of power. Journal of Social Work Education, 55(2), 224-237. https://10.1080/10437797.2018.1544519

Kuyini, A. B., & Kivunja, C. (2020). African refugee spouses' experience of resettlement in regional Australia: Disempowering and empowering narratives. International Social Work, 63(4), 431-444. https://10.1177/0020872818808352

KWOK, N. K. A. (2017). Social conflict and social innovation. Hong Kong Journal of Social Work, 51(1), 3-25. https://10.1142/S0219246217000031

Lee, E., & Johnstone, M. (2021). Resisting politics of authoritarian populism during COVID-19, reclaiming democracy and narrative justice: Centering critical thinking in social work. International Social Work, 64(5), 716-730. https://10.1177/00208728211011627

Leigh, J. (2019). Atmospheres of mistrust and suspicion: Theorising on conflict and affective practice in a child protection social work agency. Qualitative Social Work, 18(2), 212-228. https://10.1177/1473325017707028

Lincoln, K. D. (2019). The role of social determinants and why community-based programming works: Social needs often are not met during healthcare visits, but HCBS can fill that gap. Generations, , 13-18. https://login.proxy181.nclive.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=137957966&site=ehost-live

Littrell, J., Brooks, F., Ivery, J., & Ohmer, M. (2009). Inequality and its discontents. Journal of Community Practice, 17(1), 11-30. https://10.1080/10705420902856142

Marsden, P. V., Smith, T. W., & Hout, M. (2020). Tracking US social change over a half-century: The general social survey at fifty. Annual Review of Sociology, 46(1), 109-134. https://10.1146/annurev-soc-121919-054838

Martinson, M. L. (2012). Income inequality in health at all ages: A comparison of the United States and England. American Journal of Public Health, 102(11), 2049-2056. https://10.2105/AJPH.2012.300929

Martinson, M. L., & Reichman, N. E. (2016). Socioeconomic inequalities in low birth weight in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. American Journal of Public Health, 106(4), 748-754. https://10.2105/AJPH.2015.303007

McDonald, L., FitzRoy, S., Fuchs, I., Fooken, I., & Klasen, H. (2012). Strategies for high retention rates of low-income families in FAST (families and schools together): An evidence-based parenting programme in the USA, UK, Holland and Germany. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(1), 75-88. https://10.1080/17405629.2011.632134

Montana, S. (2008). Social capital: Implications for human service organizations and child welfare. Professional Development (10974911), 11(3), 17-29. https://login.proxy181.nclive.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sih&AN=36115056&site=ehost-live

Moulding, N. (2017). Damned if you do, damned if you don’t: Conflicted femininities in women’s narratives of childhood emotional abuse. Affilia: Journal of Women & Social Work, 32(3), 308-326. https://10.1177/0886109917701913

Mukhtar, S. (2021). 8 minutes and 46 seconds of 'I can't breathe': A call for anti-racist feminist solidarity amid COVID-19. International Social Work, 64(2), 255-260. https://10.1177/0020872820967417

Nagao Menezes, D. F., & Contipelli, E. (2021). The COVID-19 crisis and its impacts on social welfare in Brazil: The rise of poverty and inequalities. Middle Atlantic Review of Latin American Studies, 4(3), 58-64. https://10.23870/marlas.324

Nagda, Biren ( Ratnesh) A., McCoy, M. L., & Barrett, M. H. (2006). Mix it up: Crossing social boundaries as a pathway to youth civic engagement. National Civic Review, 95(1), 47-56. https://10.1002/ncr.131

Natland, S., & Hansen, R. (2017). Conflicts and empowerment – a processual perspective on the development of a partnership. European Journal of Social Work, 20(4), 497-508. https://10.1080/13691457.2016.1207615

Ng, I. (2015). Poverty attitudes of Singaporeans: A question of class, politics, and action? Social Indicators Research, 121(2), 371-385. https://10.1007/s11205-014-0653-3

Nissen, M. A., & Engen, M. (2021a). Power and care in statutory social work with vulnerable families. Ethics & Social Welfare, 15(3), 279-293. https://10.1080/17496535.2021.1924814

Nissen, M. A., & Engen, M. (2021b). Power and care in statutory social work with vulnerable families. Ethics & Social Welfare, 15(3), 279-293. https://10.1080/17496535.2021.1924814

Nwachukwu, P. T. T., & Asuelime, R. A. (2020). Social justice advocacy implementation in rural settings. Gender & Behaviour, 18(1), 15069-15089. https://login.proxy181.nclive.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=144348082&site=ehost-live

Paat, Y. (2013). Understanding the role of immigrant families' cultural and structural mechanisms in immigrant children's experiences beyond high school: Lessons for social work practitioners. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 23(4), 514-528. https://10.1080/10911359.2013.765817

Patterson, Silver Wolf (Adelv unegv Waya),David A. (2010). Analyzing HIV/AIDS and alcohol and other drug use as a social problem. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 22(3), 211-225. https://10.1080/10538720903426339

Petering, R., Onasch-Vera, L., Hsu, H., Alessandra, J., Chinen, N., & Medhekar, S. (2021). Voter registration and voting attitudes of unhoused young adults in Los Angeles. Children & Youth Services Review, 121, N.PAG. https://10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105907

Pfefferbaum, B., Horn, R., & Pfefferbaum, R. (2017). A conceptual framework to enhance community resilience using social capital. Clinical Social Work Journal, 45(2), 102-110. https://10.1007/s10615-015-0556-z

Pritchard, C., Williams, R., & Rosenorn‐Lanng, E. (2019). Child abuse‐related deaths, child mortality (0–4 years) and income inequality in the USA and other developed nations 1989–91 v 2013–15: Speaking truth to power. Child Abuse Review, 28(5), 339-352. https://10.1002/car.2599

Pryor Kasch, A. (2020). Social justice through the lens of the cross: A case for a biblical foundation of social work. Social Work & Christianity, 47(2), 28-46. https://10.34043/swc.v47i2.66

Rank, M. R., & Hirschl, T. A. (2015). The likelihood of experiencing relative poverty over the life course. PLoS ONE, 10(7), 1-11. https://10.1371/journal.pone.0133513

Reynoso-Vallejo, H. (2011). Social capital influence in illicit drug use among racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 10(2), 91-111. https://10.1080/15332640.2011.572532

Ruhil, R. (2016). The need to address social adversities in community health. Indian Journal of Community Health, 28(3), 305-308. https://login.proxy181.nclive.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=120591154&site=ehost-live

Russo Martin, E. (2020). Democratic librarianship: The role of the medical library in promoting democracy and social justice. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 108(1), 131-136. https://10.5195/jmla.2020.852

Saar-Heiman, Y., & Gupta, A. (2020). The poverty-aware paradigm for child protection: A critical framework for policy and practice. British Journal of Social Work, 50(4), 1167-1184. https://10.1093/bjsw/bcz093

Safadi, N. S., Easton, S. D., & Lubben, J. (2015). Power relationships and the formulation of anti-poverty policies in emerging countries: The case of Palestine. Journal of International & Comparative Social Policy, 31(1), 34-50. https://10.1080/21699763.2014.965941

Saksvik ‐ Lehouillier, I., Bjorvatn, B., Magerøy, N., & Pallesen, S. (2016). Hardiness, psychosocial factors and shift work tolerance among nurses -- A 2-year follow-up study. Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.), 72(8), 1800-1812. https://10.1111/jan.12951

Santiago, A. M., & Smith, R. J. (2021). No neighborhood left behind: Building an ethos of community interconnections. Journal of Community Practice, 29(2), 91-98. https://10.1080/10705422.2021.1959840

Sawrikar, P. (2020). Service providers' cultural self-awareness and responsible use of racial power when working with ethnic minority victims/survivors of child sexual abuse: Results from a program evaluation study in Australia. Children & Youth Services Review, 119, N.PAG. https://10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105641

Scharlach, A. E., & Lehning, A. J. (2013). Ageing-friendly communities and social inclusion in the United States of America. Ageing & Society, 33(1), 110-136. https://10.1017/S0144686X12000578

Seipel, M. O. (2009). “Silver rights” legislation: An economic justice for low-income workers. Journal of Poverty, 13(4), 384-401. https://10.1080/10875540903272348

Shobe, M., Coffman, M., & Dmochowski, J. (2009). Achieving the American dream: Facilitators and barriers to health and mental health for Latino immigrants. Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 6(1), 92-110. https://10.1080/15433710802633601

Singh, N. P. (2020). The first American radical. New Statesman, 149(5502), 40-43. https://login.proxy181.nclive.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=141127570&site=ehost-live

Stier, H., Lewin-Epstein, N., & Braun, M. (2012). Work-family conflict in comparative perspective: The role of social policies. Research in Social Stratification & Mobility, 30(3), 265-279. https://10.1016/j.rssm.2012.02.001

Talen, T. (2018). At the heart of social justice: Using scholarly personal narrative to explore the role of spirituality in my pursuit for social justice. Reflections: Narratives of Professional Helping, 24(4), 62-69. https://login.proxy181.nclive.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sih&AN=136530017&site=ehost-live

Tang, R., & Yang, L. (2020). Impacts of financing mechanism and power structure on supply chains under cap-and-trade regulation. Transportation Research: Part E, 139, N.PAG. https://10.1016/j.tre.2020.101957

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Thurber, A., Krings, A., Martinez, L. S., & Ohmer, M. (2021). Resisting gentrification: The theoretical and practice contributions of social work. Journal of Social Work, 21(1), 26-45. https://10.1177/1468017319861500

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