Locate Style Guides in the Library
Examples of APA Citations
In-Text Citations:
Scientists hold the "octopus as a counterexample to the established notion that where consciousness exists, it is unified" (Carls-Diamante et al., 2017, p. 1270).
Godfrey-Smith (2016) takes a broad look at the origin of consciousness in the ocean.
Reference or Ending Citations:
Godfrey-Smith, P. (2016). Other minds: The octopus, the sea, and the deep origins of consciousness. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Carls-Diamante, S., Greenhill, S., & Sterelny, K.. (2017). The octopus and the unity of consciousness. Biology & Philosophy, 32(6), 1269–1287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-017-9604-0
Author: Last name, comma, First initials. (separate names with commas and an & before the last name) If there is NO AUTHOR, use the organization that wrote the paper or whichever part of the citation should follow the (Date).
Jane Sally Doe = Doe, J. S.
Jane Sally Doe and Mary Lane and Rich Tomas = Doe, J. S., Lane, M., & Tomas, R.
No Author / Organization = American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
No Author = Article title
Date: Include in ( ) and end with a period
Jan 2022 = (2022).
Sept 14, 1980 = (1980).
Exception** 3/5/21 = (2021, March 5) ** Newspaper dates include (Year, Month Day)
Title: Book Titles are Italicized, articles are not
Article title = Development and validation of the active empathetic listening scale.
Book Title = Alexander the Great: A life in legend.
Publication: Journals or Newspapers (Italicized) Not a Book!
The New York Times
Nature
Publisher: Who published a book or website? Include only the name of the publisher. Omit location information. Not a Journal
Random House Publication
Volume: Volume typically refers to the number of years the publication has been circulated. (Italicized)
Issue: Issue refers to how many times that periodical has been published during that year. In ( ) , Not Italicized!
Journal started twelve years ago and published three times this year = 12(3)
Newspaper four years old and this is the fifth publication this year = 4(5)
Page Number: Only Include Numbers
12-14
234-254
DOI: This is the permalink. Include by itself.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20105 (Links to an external site.)
Link: This is the website address from the browser. Include by itself.
Hanging indentation: First line of citation should be as far left as possible and second or third lines should be tabbed in.
Drollinger, T., Comer, L. B., & Warrington, P. T. (2006). Development and validation of the active empathetic
listening scale. Psychology & Marketing, 23(2), 161-180. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20105
Reference List: All of the citations you are using in a project / paper. Alphabetized by the first listed author's last name.
